Beijing sees decline in growth of number of permanent residents

A security officer stands guard as passengers line up and wait for a security check during morning rush hour at Tiantongyuan North Station in Beijing, May 27, 2014. [Photo/Agencies]

Changes in major industries, relocation of certain non-administrative functions outside the capital, rise of living and commuting costs have been cited as the main factors for the decline.

Around 57% of permanent residents in Beijing live between the third ring road and the sixth ring road. About half of the migrants live in residential areas outside the fifth ring road in Beijing.

Beijing had a permanent residential population of over 21.5 million people by the end of 2014, including more than 8.1 million permanent living migrants from other cities.

The growth rate of migrants living permanently in Beijing has seen a rapid decline in recent years from 64.2% in the past three years to 43.5% in 2014.

The report also says that the burden on the city center is gradually being transferred to the city's new development zones.

But public services like schools, hospitals and other services are still concentrated in the city center. The uneven distribution of these public resources has led to congestion and environmental issues.

Related: Beijing to ease residency permits for migrants

Beijing will pilot a "point system" in east suburban district of Tongzhou to allow its migrants to claim permanent resident permits or "hukou".

The system was included in the comprehensive pilot plan for promoting new-type urbanization released Wednesday by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China's top economic planner.

According to the district government of Tongzhou, it will adopt a "point system" for migrant people in the district based on various criteria including stable employment, accommodation, social security, and duration of residency, etc.

Migrants can transform their household registration status to local residents after reaching a required amount of points. The authorities have yet to disclose more details.

Beijing's permanent population exceeded 20 million, about 2.6 times that of London and 2.5 times more than New York. As a megacity, Beijing is challenged by a complex mixture of "urban diseases", such as air pollution and congestion.

Owing to limited resources, people with Beijing "hukou" enjoy better educational opportunities, employment support, care for senior citizens and social welfare.

Previously, migrant citizens could only apply for temporary residential permits, with none of the rights or benefits enjoyed by permanent residents.

Similar point-based residency permit systems have already been put into use in cities like Shanghai, Guangzhou and Tianjin.

In Guangzhou, applicants' educational background, skill level and social security records are converted into points. Each year, nearly 3,000 migrants can obtain "hukou" in the city.

Beijing has a strict system of household registration. More than eight million migrants lived and worked in the capital last year. The new system allows them to see the chance of becoming a real part of the city.

A migrant surnamed Zhang, who has worked for nearly ten years at an investment company in Beijing, said the new system seems to be more equal and transparent.

"Beijing needs to control population growth and meet demands of migrants to obtain 'hukou' at the same time. Once the pilot program turns out to be successful, it can set a good example to other places," said Niu Fengrui, a researcher with the Institute for Urban and Environmental Studies under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

Beijing can control its population growth by transferring some of the capital's functions to neighboring regions rather than by adopting stricter household registration system, said Yi Peng, a researcher of PanGoal, a public policy research Institution.